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Dave Williams | DitroniX | G8PUO
2026-06-13 10:09:06 +01:00
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commit 99352c4d47
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components/TCA6408/README.md
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# TCA6408 ESPHome Component
Full-featured custom component for the **TCA6408** 8-bit I²C I/O Expander.
**This is work in progress and under test**
## Features
- 8 bidirectional GPIO pins
- Hardware polarity inversion support (inputs)
- Interrupt-driven inputs (active-low INT pin)
- Efficient cached GPIO expander
- Polling fallback mode
- Compatible with ESP32 (including C3/C5/C6), ESP8266, etc.
The INT pin on TCA6408 is open-drain active-low — connect a pull-up resistor (or use internal pull-up on ESP).
## Installation
1. Download or clone this component into your ESPHome project:
```bash
mkdir -p custom_components
cp -r TCA6408/custom_components/tca6408 custom_components/
## Basic Configuration
i2c:
sda: GPIO4
scl: GPIO5
scan: true
frequency: 400kHz
custom_components:
- source:
type: local
path: custom_components/tca6408
tca6408:
- id: tca6408_hub
address: 0x20 # Default: 0x20 (0x20–0x27 depending on ADDR pins)
interrupt_pin: GPIO6 # Recommended for fast input response
## Example: Outputs (Switches)
switch:
- platform: gpio
name: "TCA6408 Output 0"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 0
mode: OUTPUT
- platform: gpio
name: "TCA6408 Relay (Active Low)"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 1
mode: OUTPUT
inverted: true
## Example: Inputs (Binary Sensors) with Interrupt
binary_sensor:
- platform: gpio
name: "Door Sensor"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 3
mode: INPUT
inverted: true # Uses hardware polarity inversion
- platform: gpio
name: "Push Button"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 4
mode: INPUT
components/TCA6408/__init__.py
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import esphome.codegen as cg
import esphome.config_validation as cv
from esphome.components import i2c, gpio
from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
# This component depends on the I2C bus
DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
# Namespace for the C++ component
tca6408_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tca6408")
# Reference to the main C++ class
TCA6408Component = tca6408_ns.class_("TCA6408Component", cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
# Configuration schema for the component
CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
cv.Schema(
{
# Unique ID for this component instance
cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(TCA6408Component),
# I²C address of the TCA6408 (default 0x20 when ADDR pins are grounded)
cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS, default=0x20): cv.i2c_address,
# Optional ESP GPIO connected to the TCA6408 INT pin (recommended)
# cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio.validate_gpio_pin("internal"),
}
)
.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
.extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema())
)
async def to_code(config):
"""Generate C++ code from the YAML configuration."""
var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
await cg.register_component(var, config)
await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
if CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN in config:
pin = await gpio.register_gpio_pin(var, config[CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN])
cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(pin))
# ================================================
# YAML USAGE EXAMPLES
# ================================================
"""
# Example 1: Basic Outputs Only
tca6408:
- id: tca6408_hub
address: 0x20
switch:
- platform: gpio
name: "TCA6408 Output 0"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 0
mode: OUTPUT
# Example 2: Full Configuration with Interrupt (Recommended)
i2c:
sda: GPIO4
scl: GPIO5
scan: true
tca6408:
- id: tca6408_hub
address: 0x20
interrupt_pin: GPIO6
# Outputs
switch:
- platform: gpio
name: "Relay (Active Low)"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 1
mode: OUTPUT
inverted: true
# Inputs
binary_sensor:
- platform: gpio
name: "Door Sensor"
pin:
tca6408: tca6408_hub
number: 3
mode: INPUT
inverted: true
"""
components/TCA6408/tca6408.cpp
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#include "tca6408.h"
#include "esphome/core/log.h"
namespace esphome {
namespace tca6408 {
static const char *const TAG = "tca6408";
// TCA6408 Register Addresses (from datasheet)
static const uint8_t TCA6408_INPUT_PORT = 0x00; // Input Port Register
static const uint8_t TCA6408_OUTPUT_PORT = 0x01; // Output Port Register
static const uint8_t TCA6408_POLARITY_PORT = 0x02; // Polarity Inversion Register
static const uint8_t TCA6408_CONFIG_PORT = 0x03; // Configuration Register (1 = input, 0 = output)
void TCA6408Component::setup() {
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up TCA6408 at address 0x%02X...", this->address_);
// Initialize chip to a known safe state
if (this->write_register(TCA6408_POLARITY_PORT, 0x00) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write polarity register");
this->mark_failed();
return;
}
if (this->write_register(TCA6408_CONFIG_PORT, this->mode_mask_) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write config register");
this->mark_failed();
return;
}
if (!this->read_gpio_outputs_()) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read initial output state");
this->mark_failed();
return;
}
// Configure interrupt mode if requested
if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
this->interrupt_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP); // Required for open-drain INT
this->interrupt_pin_->attach_interrupt(&TCA6408Component::gpio_intr, this,
gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
this->set_invalidate_on_read_(false); // We manage cache manually for efficiency
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Interrupt mode enabled (active-low INT pin)");
} else {
this->enable_loop(); // Fallback to polling
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Polling mode enabled");
}
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " TCA6408 setup complete");
}
/**
* Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
* Runs in interrupt context - must be very lightweight
*/
void IRAM_ATTR TCA6408Component::gpio_intr(TCA6408Component *arg) {
arg->interrupt_triggered_ = true;
arg->enable_loop_soon_any_context(); // Schedule loop() to run soon
}
/**
* Main loop - handles interrupt processing
* Only runs when an interrupt occurs (in interrupt mode)
*/
void TCA6408Component::loop() {
if (this->interrupt_triggered_) {
this->interrupt_triggered_ = false;
// Reading Input Port automatically clears the INT pin on TCA6408
this->digital_read_hw(0); // pin argument is ignored - reads all 8 bits
this->reset_pin_cache_(); // Notify ESPHome that inputs may have changed
// Check if INT line has returned high (no more pending interrupts)
if (this->interrupt_pin_ && this->interrupt_pin_->digital_read()) {
this->disable_loop(); // Stop looping until next interrupt
}
}
}
void TCA6408Component::dump_config() {
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "TCA6408:");
LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Address: 0x%02X", this->address_);
LOG_PIN(" Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Mode Mask: 0x%02X (1 = input)", this->mode_mask_);
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Polarity Mask: 0x%02X", this->polarity_mask_);
}
bool TCA6408Component::read_gpio_outputs_() {
if (this->is_failed()) return false;
uint8_t data = 0;
if (this->read_register(TCA6408_OUTPUT_PORT, &data) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
this->status_set_warning();
return false;
}
this->output_mask_ = data;
this->status_clear_warning();
return true;
}
/** Read current state of all input pins from hardware */
bool TCA6408Component::digital_read_hw(uint8_t pin) {
if (this->is_failed()) return false;
uint8_t data = 0;
if (this->read_register(TCA6408_INPUT_PORT, &data) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
this->status_set_warning();
return false;
}
this->input_mask_ = data;
this->status_clear_warning();
return true;
}
/** Write to a specific output pin */
void TCA6408Component::digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) {
if (this->is_failed()) return;
if (value) {
this->output_mask_ |= (1U << pin);
} else {
this->output_mask_ &= ~(1U << pin);
}
if (this->write_register(TCA6408_OUTPUT_PORT, this->output_mask_) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
this->status_set_warning();
} else {
this->status_clear_warning();
}
}
/** Configure pin direction (input/output) */
void TCA6408Component::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
this->mode_mask_ &= ~(1U << pin); // 0 = output
} else {
this->mode_mask_ |= (1U << pin); // 1 = input
if (this->interrupt_pin_ == nullptr) {
this->enable_loop(); // Enable polling if no interrupt pin
}
}
this->write_register(TCA6408_CONFIG_PORT, this->mode_mask_);
}
/** Set hardware polarity inversion for inputs */
void TCA6408Component::set_polarity_inversion(uint8_t pin, bool inverted) {
if (inverted) {
this->polarity_mask_ |= (1U << pin);
} else {
this->polarity_mask_ &= ~(1U << pin);
}
this->write_register(TCA6408_POLARITY_PORT, this->polarity_mask_);
}
/** Read cached value with polarity inversion applied */
bool TCA6408Component::digital_read_cache(uint8_t pin) {
bool value = (this->input_mask_ & (1U << pin)) != 0;
// Apply hardware polarity inversion if enabled for this pin
if (this->polarity_mask_ & (1U << pin)) {
value = !value;
}
return value;
}
// ====================== TCA6408GPIOPin Wrapper ======================
void TCA6408GPIOPin::setup() {
this->pin_mode(this->flags_);
if (this->inverted_) {
this->parent_->set_polarity_inversion(this->pin_, true);
}
}
void TCA6408GPIOPin::set_inverted(bool inverted) {
this->inverted_ = inverted;
if (this->parent_) {
this->parent_->set_polarity_inversion(this->pin_, inverted);
}
}
void TCA6408GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
this->flags_ = flags;
this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags);
}
bool TCA6408GPIOPin::digital_read() {
// Note: inversion handled in digital_read_cache() for inputs
return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_;
}
void TCA6408GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_);
}
size_t TCA6408GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via TCA6408", this->pin_);
}
} // namespace tca6408
} // namespace esphome
components/TCA6408/tca6408.h
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#pragma once
#include "esphome/components/gpio_expander/cached_gpio.h"
#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
#include "esphome/core/component.h"
#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
namespace esphome {
namespace tca6408 {
/**
* TCA6408 8-bit I²C I/O Expander
*
* Supports:
* - 8 bidirectional pins
* - Hardware polarity inversion for inputs
* - Interrupt-driven inputs (active-low open-drain INT)
* - Efficient cached access
*/
class TCA6408Component : public Component,
public i2c::I2CDevice,
public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint8_t, 8> {
public:
void setup() override;
void loop() override;
void dump_config() override;
float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::IO; }
void set_address(uint8_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
void set_polarity_inversion(uint8_t pin, bool inverted);
protected:
static void IRAM_ATTR gpio_intr(TCA6408Component *arg);
bool digital_read_hw(uint8_t pin) override;
bool digital_read_cache(uint8_t pin) override;
void digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) override;
void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) override;
uint8_t mode_mask_{0xFF}; // 1 = input, 0 = output
uint8_t output_mask_{0x00};
uint8_t input_mask_{0x00};
uint8_t polarity_mask_{0x00}; // Hardware polarity inversion
InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
bool interrupt_triggered_{false};
private:
bool read_gpio_outputs_();
};
class TCA6408GPIOPin : public gpio::GPIOPin, public Parented<TCA6408Component> {
public:
void setup() override;
void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
bool digital_read() override;
void digital_write(bool value) override;
size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }
void set_inverted(bool inverted);
void set_flags(gpio::Flags flags) { flags_ = flags; }
gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return flags_; }
protected:
uint8_t pin_{0};
bool inverted_{false};
gpio::Flags flags_{0};
};
} // namespace tca6408
} // namespace esphome